The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microcontroller, with built-in TCP/IP networking software, and microcontroller capability, produced by Espressif Systems in Shanghai, China.

The chip was popularized in the English-speaking maker community in August 2014 via the ESP-01 module, made by a third-party manufacturer Ai-Thinker. This small module allows microcontrollers to connect to a Wi-Fi network and make simple TCP/IP connections using Hayes-style commands. However, at first, there was almost no English-language documentation on the chip and the commands it accepted. The very low price and the fact that there were very few external components on the module, which suggested that it could eventually be very inexpensive in volume, attracted many hackers to explore the module, the chip, and the software on it, as well as to translate the Chinese documentation.

from Wikipedia

I’m using the ESP32 Basic Starter Kit, which contains an ESP8266 module with the following specifications:

Adapted from here: https://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/esp8266/tutorial/intro.html

Make sure your ESP8266 is connected.

Create a project directory and cd into it:

mkdir esp_test
 
cd esp_test

Initialize the project:

uv init

The esptool utility is used to communicate with the ROM bootloader in Expressif chips.

Add the esptool package:

uv add esptool

Show available commands:

uv tool run --from esptool esptool.py

Commands:

Get chip information:

uv tool run --from esptool esptool.py chip_id

Output:

esptool.py v4.8.1
Found 33 serial ports
Serial port /dev/ttyUSB0
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... Unsupported detection protocol, switching and trying again...
Connecting....
Detecting chip type... ESP8266
Chip is ESP8266EX
Features: WiFi
Crystal is 26MHz
MAC: //(redacted)//
Uploading stub...
Running stub...
Stub running...
Chip ID: //(redacted)//
Hard resetting via RTS pin...

MicroPython is a software implementation of a programming language largely compatible with Python 3, written in C, that is optimized to run on a microcontroller.

MicroPython consists of a Python compiler to bytecode and a runtime interpreter of that bytecode. The user is presented with an interactive prompt (the REPL) to execute supported commands immediately. Included are a selection of core Python libraries; MicroPython includes modules which give the programmer access to low-level hardware.

from Wikipedia

Erase flash:

uv tool run --from esptool esptool.py erase_flash

Get the MicroPython firmware:

wget https://micropython.org/resources/firmware/ESP8266_GENERIC-20241129-v1.24.1.bin

Flash the firmware to the ESP8266:

uv tool run --from esptool esptool.py --baud 460800 write_flash --flash_size=detect 0 ESP8266_GENERIC-20241129-v1.24.1.bin

Install picocom (if needed) and connect to REPL:

sudo apt install picocom
 
picocom /dev/ttyUSB0 -b115200

Test the REPL:

>>> print('hello esp8266!')

hello esp8266!

Adapted from here: https://problemsolvingwithpython.com/12-MicroPython/12.06-Uploading-Code/

MicroPython Tool (ampy) is a utility to interact with a CircuitPython or MicroPython board over a serial connection.

Ampy is meant to be a simple command line tool to manipulate files and run code on a CircuitPython or MicroPython board over its serial connection. With ampy you can send files from your computer to the board’s file system, download files from a board to your computer, and even send a Python script to a board to be executed.

from PyPI

Install ampy:

uv add adafruit-ampy

Upload a script, then list the file contents of the microcontroller to confirm it’s there:

uv tool run --from adafruit-ampy ampy -p /dev/ttyUSB0 put hello.py
 
uv tool run --from adafruit-ampy ampy -p /dev/ttyUSB0 ls

Output:

/boot.py
/hello.py

Run the uploaded script:

uv tool run --from adafruit-ampy ampy -p /dev/ttyUSB0 run hello.py

Output:

Hello from esp-test!